BCG in the fight against cancer: exploring its applications in diverse tumour types and future directions

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) was repurposed as intravesical immunotherapy for bladder cancer following its success as a tuberculosis vaccine. Its anti-tumour activity is multifaceted. Directly, BCG induces apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress through caspase activation, tumour necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α) signaling and production of nitric
oxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging tumour DNA and proteins.

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Breast cancer immunotherapy: Realities and advances

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the main cause of death in women worldwide. With increased knowledge regarding tumor escape mechanisms and advances in immunology, many new antitumor strategies make immunotherapy a promising approach for the treatment of this disease.

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Toxicity Evaluation of ConvitVax

ConvitVax is a personalized vaccine for the treatment of breast cancer, composed of autologous tumor cells, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and low concentrations of formalin…

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